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Negative electron affinity7/24/2023 The horizontal error bars are due to the uncertainty in T sub and are ± 0.5 ° C. Approximately 200 (10) electrons are produced during each experimental sequence, with a 10 (0.5) Hz average rate. In the case of high- (low-) Rydberg atom production, the Rabi frequencies of the probe and coupling lasers are Ω p = 2 π × 3.5 ( 0.5 ) MHz and Ω c = 2 π × 4 ( 4 ) MHz. The vertical errors bars are the standard deviation of the experimental data. The horizontal error bars are due to the uncertainty in the temperature T sub. The red data points were taken with high Rydberg atom production. The black line is a fit to the Langmuir isobar of Eq. ( 2), and yields a desorption activation energy of E a = 0.66 ± 0.02 eV. The black points are in the limit of low Rydberg atom production. The E fields are calculated by analyzing the frequency shifts of the EIT spectra. The measured E fields due to Rb adsorbates on the (0001) surface of quartz as a function temperature T sub at a distance of 500 μ m from the surface. Our calculations indicate that the E field at z < 200 μ m is caused by the large spacing between the electrons. The red line is a fit to Eq. ( 1), showing the inhomogeneity of the E field. The error bars are the standard deviation of the measurement. Black points are taken from different pixels on a CCD camera. (c) In the limit of large numbers of Rydberg atoms, population the E field is measured at distances of ∼ 20 – 800 μ m from the quartz surface at T sub = 79 ° C. At z = 50 μ m the m J = 1 / 2 state is broadened and shifted corresponding to an E field of 0.02 V cm − 1. The red lines are Lorentzian fits to the data. The black points are pixel values of three averaged images, and the error bars are the standard deviation of the pixel values. (b) EIT spectra taken at two different positions z = 150 μ m (upper) and z = 50 μ m (lower) for 81 D 5 / 2 m J = 1 / 2 (left) and m J = 5 / 2 (right). The inset shows the orientation of the electric and magnetic fields with respect to the quartz surface. It is said to have an electron affinity of -349 kJ/mol and this large number indicates that it forms a stable negative ion. (a) Stark shift for 81 D 5 / 2, m J = 5 / 2 and 1 / 2 states in a 14.3 G magnetic field oriented perpendicular to the E field.
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